Friday, November 21, 2014

Teaching Grammar and Vocabulary


Teaching Grammar and Vocabulary

 

Calkins, Ehrenworth, and Lehman—Pathways to the Common Core

Jeff Anderson—Mechanically Inclined

Beers—When Kids Can’t Read

Zuldema—The Grammar Workshop: Systematic Language Study in Reading and Writing Context

“Beyond Grammar Drills: How Language Works in Learning to Write

 

Say:


Overall, this was one of my favorite weeks to read for thus far.  Teaching grammar and vocabulary have always been my least favorite parts about being teaching English.  Whenever I was in high school, every teacher taught grammar and vocabulary with traditional practices.  Therefore, these two areas were never my strong suits.  The reading from today was very helpful because it discussed many ways to revolutionize the traditional teaching styles for grammar and vocabulary. 

            Ever since EDSE 547, I have really liked Mechanically Inclined.  It is the first book I have ever read that harps on making grammar just as interesting as teachers try to make literature and writing.  Reading it a second time around has actually been very helpful because I have noticed different aspects that could work with the writing workshop model we have discussed in EDSE 787 (27).  I like how Anderson argues that “weaving” grammar mini lessons into traditional writing practices is the best way for students to learn (28).  Having traditional grammar units is not going to be meaningful to students because they cannot see how what they are learning can be explicitly applied to their writing. 

            I also love how Anderson discusses almost every single major aspect of grammar teachers are expected to teach their students are expected to learn in high school English.  From crafting sentences to learning different forms of punctuation, Anderson gives explicit examples of how teachers can introduce grammar to students in an innovative way.  He gives explicit examples of how to scaffold each grammar lesson in with reading in writing (61).  He also explains how each lesson needs to be accompanied by mentor text and visual scaffolds so that students can see how the grammar lesson applies to themselves and their work (62).  Most instructors separate grammar into one category, but Anderson shows that it is important to intertwine grammar with reading and writing practices.   

            Along with Anderson, Zuldema’s article, “The Grammar Workshop: Systematic Language Study in Reading and Writing Context,” also argues the importance of integrating grammar with the daily lessons of reading and writing.  Zuldema states, “If reading and writing are two sides of the same coin, then grammar study is one way in which these two types of language study can be connected” (64).  Essentially, grammar can be the glue that connects reading and writing.  Zuldema’s article also made me reflect on how grammar can be used to segue “reading like a reader” to “reading like a writer.”  Because grammar is such an intricate part of connecting reading and writing, it can be a tool that teachers use to bridge the two major subjects together.  Also, this would ensure that grammar is being weaved into context.  Additionally, I like many of the teaching strategies Zuldema offers.  For example, I like the idea of allowing students to create unique grammar names for grammatical aspects they pick up on their own.  This enables ownership in their learning; it will make students feel like what they have discovered in the text is innovative to their learning process.  This can also be mirrored in studying vocabulary.  Altogether, Zuldema displays the importance of the relationship grammar has with reading and writing. 

            “Beyond Grammar Drills” also complements Zuldema and Anderson.  This article discusses how grammar drills, or grammar bell ringers, are really not beneficial to the student.  The article goes on to explain how grammar drills are used as a separate component from what the class is studying in reading and writing.  For meaningful learning to occur, the student has to be able to make that connection.   This can also be applied to vocabulary.  Students will only experience memorization if they are handed out words for a quiz on Friday.  For meaningful learning, students need to see how grammar and vocabulary connect to what they are reading. 

            While Anderson, Zuldema, and the NCTE give a lot a great information on teaching grammar, the reading from When Kids Can’t Read gives specific insight when it comes to teaching vocabulary.  Along with grammar, vocabulary does not need to be a separate entity. Vocabulary should also compliment the writing and reading being conducted in daily lessons (178).  For example, it is great for students to study that vocabulary that is already found in the books or text they are reading.  If students are studying words from their reading, they will see more of a connection as to why it is important for them to learn those specific vocabulary words (180). Similarly, I like how Beers explains that teachers need to show students how to use context clues when learning new vocabulary.  Although it is great for students to look up words they do not know, it is also just as beneficial for them to try to figure out a words meaning by the rest of the text around them (183). Beers gives a lot of great ideas about how to implement context clues and other types of vocabulary instruction into the classroom.  Like Anderson, Beers also makes it very prevalent that studying vocabulary needs to be fluid with what students are reading and writing.   

             Pathways to Common Core also gives evidence that explains how grammar and vocabulary are needed in the classroom to meet the Common Core standards.  More importantly, Pathways to Common Core compliments what the other readings have been saying about intertwining grammar and vocabulary with the reading and writing that happens in the classroom daily.  Grammar and vocabulary are important when it comes to crafting structure (59).  Stronger vocabulary and proper grammar usage can help students strengthen their writing (60).   Furthermore, grammar and vocabulary are also important when focusing on speaking and listening (174).  To become more proficient speakers or listeners, students will need to strengthen their word and grammar usage.  The best way to strengthen vocabulary and grammar is to show students how these two components can be useful in their daily lives. 

            Altogether, all of the reading today really resonated with me because teaching grammar and vocabulary are what I consider my weakest aspects. All of the readings complimented each other by arguing how important it is to make grammar and vocabulary an innovative experience in the classroom.  I will definitely be using these references again in my future classroom.    
 
Do:
 
**This is my vocabulary lesson that I taught in my classroom.  Students used technology to write in this lesson.** 
 


Usually in my teacher’s classroom, they have weekly vocabulary words.  They are given the words on Monday, and then they take a quiz on them on Friday.  For my week of teaching, I did not want to give students a list of vocabulary words.  Instead, I wanted to work with the unknown words that were found in the sonnets we were studying.  After we read about two to three sonnets, we engaged in a vocabulary workshop so that students could learn the words that were actually being used in what we were studying.


·         To begin the mini lesson, I asked for students to take out all of the sonnets that we had studied so far.  Then, I asked them to work with a partner and highlight all of the words that they did not know.  Because student have already annotated each sonnet, highlighting unknown words should not take too long because they have already looked for them when they were annotating.  (5-7 minutes)
·         When they are done highlighting the words they did not know before reading each sonnet, I will tell each set of partners to pick out one word from each sonnet that they want to be “experts” on.  They wrote these three words down on a scratch sheet of paper. 
·         Next, I asked the partners to brainstorm a kid friendly definition of the word, and they had to think of a visual that would go along with the word. (5-7 minutes)
·         Then, I invited them all into separate google presentations documents.  In this presentation, only the two partners and my teacher were allowed to work on it.  In this document, I told students to make the presentation have six slides total (two for slides for each expert word).  On the even numbered slide, they were only supposed to write their expert word.  On the odd numbered slide next to the even numbered slide, they had to upload their kid friendly definition and a visual to go with it.  (5-7 minutes)
·         Then, I showed students how they could print the document off to have 6 slides on one page. After the document was printed, I showed them how they could fold each piece of paper in half hotdog style.  By doing this, their unknown words were on one side while they definitions and visuals were on the other side. 
·         Each group also presented their words to the rest of the class.   (5-10 minutes)
·         For the next day, I had a sheet printed for each student from each group.  This way each student had mini flashcards of all of the group’s words. 

Here is an example of what one group did.  It can be found in the link below:
 
 

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